The vaccine demonstrated a good safety profile, with a geometric mean fold increase in IgG antibody levels over three-fold in participants receiving repeat doses compared to single doses at Day 60.
The implementation of nirsevimab for all infants could avoid 18,249 RSV-related health outcomes, representing a 9.96% reduction in RSV-related hospitalizations and severe cases compared to standard care. The treatment is deemed cost-effective, with an optimal price per dose of $692 at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $40,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY).
The vaccine showed an efficacy of 42.9% against RSV-associated LRTD with 3 or more symptoms, 59.0% against LRTD with 2 or more symptoms, and 48.8% against ARD. It also elicited a significant immune response, with mean fold-increases in neutralizing antibodies and RSV-specific IgG and IgA.
Immunizing the entire birth cohort with nirsevimab is cost-effective, reducing infant mortality by 76% to 85%. A combined strategy of vaccinating pregnant women and immunizing high-risk infants also shows significant benefits with a lower budget impact.
The study estimates a 9% reduction in RSV-associated deaths for MV and a 28% reduction for mAb in Kenya, with higher reductions in South Africa (14% for MV and 48% for mAb). Cost-effectiveness ratios indicate that both interventions may be economically viable, especially at lower price points.
The introduction of long-acting mAbs for high-risk infants could prevent 1.1% of RSV-specific hospitalisations annually, while expanding the programme to all infants could prevent 39.3% of hospitalisations. Vaccination of older adults could prevent an additional 4.5% of RSV hospitalisations over five years, indicating a significant potential reduction in the RSV disease burden in Germany.
Significantly higher maternal and cord anti-F RSV antibody levels were achieved with vaccination compared to natural infection, with optimal transfer occurring when vaccination was administered more than 5 weeks prior to delivery.
The vaccines significantly reduce the risk of lower respiratory tract illness caused by RSV, particularly in older adults who are at higher risk for severe disease.
The review highlights the importance of understanding RSV seasonality for optimizing interventions, with evidence of effective treatments reducing severe RSV infections and hospitalizations.
Nirsevimab has shown higher efficacy against hospitalization compared to Palivizumab, with a longer duration of protection, making it a promising option for broader RSV prevention in infants.
The study establishes a genomic-epidemiological baseline for HRSV in Ireland, demonstrating significant changes in viral diversity and lineage prevalence before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, which can inform future public health interventions.
The study found that 87% of respondents were likely to accept either maternal vaccination or neonatal immunization. A majority favored maternal vaccination, particularly those with prior experience of RSV severity and those intending to breastfeed, citing optimal protection for their child as a key reason for acceptance.
The vaccine significantly increased IgG anti-RSV antibody levels across all cohorts, with higher doses and frequencies leading to stronger immune responses. The high-dose thrice-administered group showed a continuous upward trend in antibody concentration, indicating promising effectiveness.
The study demonstrated a high correlation (R = 0.98) between neutralizing antibodies in serum and dried blood, indicating that dried blood can be a viable alternative for measuring RSV neutralization. Additionally, the antibodies in dried blood remained stable for up to 6 months and could withstand temperature variations, making it a practical solution for remote areas.
The majority of nosocomial RSV-related deaths can be prevented by infant-targeted immunization strategies, as more than half of the affected children were younger than 6 months of age.
The study indicates that RSV poses a measurable burden on Italian adults, particularly older individuals and those with co-morbidities, suggesting that vaccination could significantly reduce hospitalizations and mortality associated with RSV.
The study found that RSV-attributable hospitalization rates increased with age, particularly in older adults, highlighting the significant burden of RSV on respiratory and cardiovascular health. Effective vaccination could improve public health outcomes.
PFS preparation time was significantly faster, with 87.3% satisfaction and 81.0% preference among participants for the PFS over VRRs.
The study demonstrated that wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can effectively monitor RSV levels and variants in the community, correlating with clinical case trends, thus aiding public health responses and resource allocation.
Positive outcomes include reduced severity of bronchiolitis symptoms, decreased hospitalization rates for high-risk infants, and potential prevention of severe RSV illness in newborns through maternal vaccination and immunoprophylaxis.
The study demonstrated that RSV immunoprophylaxis during infancy has long-term effects on nasal epigenetic signatures at age 6, particularly related to host antiviral defense pathways. It also showed significant protective effects against RSV infection and asthma symptoms in early life.
The identification of maternal and newborn predictors for RSV hospitalization allows for early enrollment of high-risk populations in prevention programs, potentially reducing RSV-related hospitalizations.
The study finds that infection with either influenza or RSV provides 40-100% protection against the other virus for one to five months, suggesting a significant interaction that could inform vaccination strategies.